Research into microbiologically influenced corrosion in drinking water pipelines

You probably never think about it when you turn on the tap for some water, to make coffee for example, what is needed to get that water to your residence. Vitens is a company that ensures that no less than 5.7 million people in the Netherlands are supplied with clean drinking water every day. Every year the company supplies more than 330 million m3 of water via a network of pipelines with an impressive length of 49,600 km. Try to imagine this for a moment, that is longer than the circumference of the earth! Maintaining such a network is quite a challenging job.

Condition of the pipes

A part of the Vitens pipeline network is made of cast iron. To get an assessment of the conditions of these pipes, Vitens asked us to examine the cast iron pipes for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).

The company would like to know if there are microorganisms present in the pipes that can cause MIC corrosion and whether they are active. In addition, Vitens wants to know which factors increase the risk of MIC corrosion. As a result, Vitens wants to formulate a mitigation plan to limit damage caused by MIC corrosion as much as possible.

  • Risicobeoordeling: voer voorafgaand aan geothermische projecten een microbiologische risicobeoordeling uit.
  • Monitoring: zorg voor monitoring tijdens de installatie en operatie van geothermische systemen, omdat condities aanzienlijk kunnen veranderen tijdens deze fasen.
  • Snelle Interventie: bij detectie van ongewenste microbiologische moet zo snel mogelijk en op een goed onderbouwde manier worden ingegrepen om risico's laag te houden. Goedbedoelde maar verkeerd gekozen maatregelen kunnen de problemen verergeren.

Which factors can influence the formation of MIC corrosion?

There may be several factors causing the formation of MIC corrosion, such as the amount of nutrients in the water, the flow rate and acidity of the water and the material from which the pipes are made. The production steps used to purify the water could also promote or inhibit MIC corrosion. In order to assess the effects of these factors on MIC processes, eight cast iron piping sections of four different treatment sites have been examined, taking into account all of the above factors.

Eye-catching research results

In alle onderzochte leidingen zijn biocorrosie gerelateerde micro-organismen aangetroffen. Ook is aangetoond dat er sprake is van actieve MIC processen. Toch zijn er opvallende verschillen in de mate van aantasting. In twee van de leidingen is nauwelijks corrosieschade ontstaan, in tegenstelling tot de andere zes leidingen. De vraag is: wat is de verklaring voor deze verschillen?

Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de verschillen in waterkwaliteit, de zuiveringsstappen en de stroomsnelheid van het water niet direct van invloed zijn op de hoeveelheid schade die is ontstaan door MIC corrosie. Als we bijvoorbeeld kijken naar de waterkwaliteit, dan geldt voor alle zuiveringen dat er in de leidingen voldoende voedingsbronnen aanwezig zijn voor het ontstaan van MIC corrosie.

Iets wat wel van invloed lijkt te zijn, is de aanwezigheid van een zwarte laag op de leiding. Deze laag werd aangetroffen bij de twee leidingen die nauwelijks corrosie aantastingen hadden, maar niet bij de overige zes leidingen. Onderzoek naar deze zwarte laag bracht aan het licht dat het een coating betreft die vermoedelijk bitumen bevat, een materiaal dat tot de jaren negentig veel werd toegepast in drinkwaterleidingen.

Customer Review

Jentina Schuurman, Project Leader Vitens Laboratory

“Vitens wanted more insight into the quality and current status of the pipeline network.  We asked Microbial Analysis to determine whether the cast iron pipes in the Vitens pipeline network are affected by (active) MIC and whether action is required. Thanks to this research, we have gained insight into the situation with regard to MIC corrosion in our pipelines and the status of cast iron pipelines at several locations in the network. Based on these initial results, it was suspected that an internal coating- found in some of the pipelines- ensures that the quality of these pipelines is considerably better, which causes the degree of MIC and corrosion to be far less compared to pipelines without coating. This has been confirmed in a follow-up study, which has given Vitens more insight into the risk of failure of these types of pipelines.

It was a very pleasant experience to work with Microbial Analysis. Considerable attention was paid to mapping our question, so we could develop thorough research questions and draw clear conclusions. Questions about the report were answered quickly and correctly.  Furthermore, Microbial Analysis was closely involved in our consideration of the next steps to be taken”.

MIC corrosion control through risk mapping

The conclusion of the investigation is that the cast iron pipelines that were examined are all contaminated with active MIC microorganisms. In unprotected pipes - without a coating- this leads to corrosion defects. The pipelines containing an intact coating are protected against these active MIC microorganisms and are therefore less affected by corrosion.That is why it is important to determine the presence of a coating within other cast iron pipelines. A risk map can then be drawn for pipes with lower or higher risk of failure. Based on this, Vitens can maintain the pipeline network much more efficiently and in a more targeted way.

Are you interested in this topic and would you like more information?

Contact Elsemiek Croese.